The Educational Center Is A Public School Outside Of...

Overbrook Educational Center is a public school outside of Philadelphia. The student body is predominantly made up of students of a minority background and almost one-third of the students are visually impaired. Although the entire school is not special education, many of the classrooms are considered special-ed. My field placement is within a mixed second and third grade classroom comprised of students who all have varying degrees of visual impairments. There are ten students and two of them read using braille and write through a braille typewriter. The others read and write without braille, but use certain specialized equipment such as magnifying monitors to make it easier to see the letters and words. The students are all behind where the majority of other students their age are, lagging behind students in non special-ed classrooms particularly in the subjects of reading and writing. They all know the letters of the alphabet and how to write those, but are mostly unable to form th e letters into words and sentences. My participation is primarily working on the students reading and writing skills and I’ve found that the purpose of education in the classroom is predominantly focused on â€Å"catching up† these special education students. McDermott and Varenne (1995) wrote about the concept of culture as disability and defined three different approaches to addressing this topic: the deprivation approach, the difference approach and the culture as disability approach. TheShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The Rights Of Men And Women925 Words   |  4 PagesFrom Slavery to Freedom, the story begins by reiterating the thirsty for labor in the South Central states, Lower South and the Gulf Coast region during the nineteenth century where New Orleans became the major entry port and largest slave trading center. Increased wealth in Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama created demand for slave labor in cotton and sugarcane plantations. Slaves labored in cotton and sugar plantations as the main cash crops in the Southern parts including other agriculturalRead MoreMedicine And Its Impact On Medical Education1371 Words   |  6 Pageshospital and medical school were created. Ben Franklin and Thomas Bond made a positive impact on medical facilities in 1752, when they opened the first ongoing hospital, the Pennsylvania Hospital, in Philadelphia. Then, William Shippen an John Morgan created the first medical school in the United States, the College of Philadelphia. However, there were very many negative influences on medical education and facilities at this time. The frontier conditions, the lack of urban centers, the low qualityRead MoreCancer Is A Disease That Affects A Child s Educational Performance Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pagesdisease is covered under IDEA, and falls under the category of Other Health Impairments, which is defined as a medical condition that results in limited strength, vitality, or alertness due to chronic or acute health problems that affect a child’s educational performance or ability. There are many examples of Other Health Impairments, such as Diabetes, Tourette syndrome, asthma and heart conditions, but childhood Cancer is a common disease that affect many children in the world (Special Education GuideRead MoreThe Life of the Catholic Church in the US1736 Words   |  7 Pageseighteenth century. Two of these priests deserve to be quoted in particular: the jesuit Eusebio Kino (v.) and the Franciscan junipero Serra. Kino in 1687 established the first mission in Arizona and in 1700 built San Xavier del Bac, missionary center for the next century. On the basis of their own explorations and with maps by the facts, projected form two chains of missions: the first from the Baja California to Monterrey in the Alta California, the second covering from Arizona. When theRead MoreTeen Motor Vehicle Accidents: Case Study of Green Lane, PA1262 Words   |  5 PagesCurry, Ph.D., at Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia (OHSU.edu, 2011). Essentially, this study found that teen drivers had not developed three crucial skills, and that a lack in one of these three skills was what caused the crash. The researchers found that just over three-fourths of the accidents were caused by: either an inability to scan the road sufficiently, assessing the environment for dangers and obstacles, distraction from seeing something outside of the vehicle, or driving too fast forRead MoreAn Analysis Of Emily Hoerner s Novel Ide Fostering Literacy By Eliminating Book Deserts1596 Words   |  7 Pagesand write.† While a literary desert is prevalent in low-income neighborhoods, they are also seen when technology has taken over the children’s interest in reading outside of assigned school reading which leads to a lifetime of consequence s. A symptom of the loss of reading material is a growing lack of interest in reading outside of school assignments for students. As their access to literature is hindered, the desire to search out new material decreases as the students age. Over the years, there haveRead More Essay on Utopia - Disneys Utopian Community1636 Words   |  7 Pagestechnology, and place(Oilande 2). Celebration uses this concept to create a special utopian vision. Despite contradictions of artificiality, regulation, and price, Celebration is a good utopian vision because it has a sense of community, an outstanding educational system, and a credible health care system.    The notion of a artificial or theme park feel has come up as a possible concern. The town resembles a movie set with the neat-and-pretty homes like facades(Oilande 5). Disney is taking a communityRead MoreHomeschooling Is The Best Option For The Children1937 Words   |  8 Pagescurriculum in the comfort of their home instead of sending the child to a private or public school. Some parents believe that home schooling their child is the best option for the child. Parents believe that the child is in a safer in an environment in the comfort of the home. The majority of parents with backgrounds in religious, politics, and ethnic home school their children. There can also be abuse and educational neglect in home education in most cases. Families only turn to home schooling becauseRead MoreThe Story Of The Puerto Rican People Is Quite Unique In1698 Words   |  7 Pagesface. Some have said that the Puerto Rican migration experience is internal immigration, as the experience of people wh o move within their own country, but whose new home lies outside their emotional home territory. Puerto Ricans than have left the poor troubled island and off to the mainland, due to many corruptions, educational issues, not being able to find jobs, and of course economic problems. The Puerto Rican people just want to go somewhere in which they could prosper and have a better life inRead MoreWomen in Educational Administration and The Glass Ceiling Essay2467 Words   |  10 PagesWomen in Educational Administration and The Glass Ceiling Several people at the conference dealt with the problems women encounter in getting into administrative positions in schools and colleges and when they do, the obstacles they encounter in making their jobs successful. Their discussions brought home to me the reality of my own mothers experience. As children we witnessed our mother struggling, summer after summer and during many school years in the evenings, with those courses required

Philosphy of Nursing - 1293 Words

PHILIOSPHY OF NURSING This philosophy of nursing is assimilation of the author’s beliefs in regards of the metaparadigm through experience and understanding of knowledge. The author looks at the fundamental level, a theory which encompasses all or most theories. Attempts to view the theory as an interplay of energy, while looking at it in an atomic level. With the patient being the nucleus the primary structure and concentration of high energy while health and environment as different valence rings each holding electrons which are constantly moving in all possible directions all while orbiting around the nucleus. The space between the nucleus and the valence rings is nursing the spatial potential energy which unites the structure creating†¦show more content†¦Illness is an aberration of health however they co-exist on the same plane. At the fundamental level of health is consciousness once again, subsequently health therefore is a manifestation of internal energy onto the external plane ( George, 2011, p. 438). It could be considered as an extension of the person’s energy field. The writer believes that health is energy directed in a positive direction to facilitate conscious expansion into higher states to give the individual greater understanding. Unfortunately there are terminal aberrations in health however this does not mean the person(s) undergoing this aberrations is not deemed healthy, the focus is just shifted from a healthy physical state to one of a healthy spiritual state. Environment The foundation of environment as understood by the author is laid by Martha E. Rogers, in that it is the totality of the present pandimensional reality relative to space-time. Environment is unique to each form of energy perceiving it even if that material environment is cohabitated. It encompasses all attributes of the individual physiological, psychological and spiritual in their presenting state. Intangibles such as cultural belifes, morals, values, even religion and religious limitations are incorporated into the enviroment since they are affecting space-time perception of the individual. Humans are an integral part of the environment and the environment integral part of the human (Garon, 2011).Show MoreRelatedRunning Head Essay1287 Words   |  6 Pages Personal Philosophy of Nursing Darlene Cunningham Jacksonville University School of Nursing January 31, 2015 PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY 2 Personal Philosophy of Nursing A Philosophy of Nursing is an approach to nursing, usually created by individual nurses in their own daily practice in the field. A nurse uses his or her philosophy of nursing to explain what he or sheRead MoreHealth Care Provider and Faith Diversity Revised1722 Words   |  7 Pagesgained important information from this research because it provided her with useful understanding of Sikh, Buddhist, Jewish, Christian, and Catholic beliefs into her nursing profession. All of the religions believe in medical care when there is someone ill. With this report the author will integrate a spiritual assessment into her daily nursing assessment to provide holistic care to her patients. As part of the healthcare professionals the author that is a nurse should respect every religion and belief

Transformational Leadership & Decision Making - Free Solution

Question: Discuss about the Transformational Leadership and Decision Making. Answer: Introduction: I strongly feel that, each company needs influential leaders to enhance the business procedure. Here I will discuss, current and future issues in IT project management, strategy implementation of leaders and also formal performance management. An organization can be worked legitimately just when it has a strategy. Aside from these, they ought to take care of the opposition market. On the record of issues in strategy implementation of leaders, leaders ought to deal with the management of the organization. An organizational strategy is worried about the activities of a company which is proposed to achieve long haul business goals. It is the obligation of the organization to understand issues by which the customers are facing issues. A leader can handle every one of these issues. These exercises are gathered and assembled to make up an essential arrangement of the organization. I think as a leader, the organization must be liberal with the customers and must retain their customers howev er much as could reasonably be expected and for that, they need to make such procedures which would help them to maintain. The issue in IT project management in a global context : there are various types of issues are identified in IT project management such as lack of presentation, communication skills of employees, lack of training sessions and poor management of an organization. Nowadays, I observed that, people are becoming more intelligence and want more clarity in the IT projects. In other sense, use of graphical figures, diagrams, 3D images, and videos are the common requirements of clients (Giuliani Kurson, 2002). According to Sam Walton I think, the remarkable leaders make a special effort to support the self-regard of their workforce. He likewise expressed that if the general population puts stock in themselves, it's astounding what they can finish. So, in order to satisfy clients, the leaders of the organization must train their employees to adopt current trend of technology. Other than these, business communication can enhance issues of IT project of the organization. In the organization, th e employee, managers, and other office staffs must form a protected communication among themselves to make an appropriate stream of business. They ought to be well disposed of with each to accomplish dependable association. Talking about the global context which is mainly measured by confident and well-designed projects of IT. Moreover, I recommend to increase the profitability of the organization, the leaders must adopt the latest technology. In coming future, the medium of the presentation will be changed because clients need wireless service which can be executed by high visual graphic and sound. Behind a not too bad collaboration, a leader has an essential impact on the firm. A few employees don't care for an excessive number of controls. On the off chance that a little entrepreneur makes inflexible issues of IT project for the organization (BOOHAR, 2003). Role of leadership in IT project management: Leaders are the main engine of an organization, and they have all responsibility to run the business and lead the organization to success. It is exceptionally visited that client may give awful input and great criticism too. As a matter of first importance, the organization must not leave the protests from the clients and they ought to take fast activities on this matter. I feel that with the help of motivation and intelligence strategy, leaders can measure the performance of employees. Subsequently, appropriate techniques must be trained by the organization, with the goal that they can hold their employees (Brower Balch, 2005). This types of strategy implementation of leaders are notified as theoretical practice. On the other hand, in a specific IT project, the leaders must train and help followers if they are not conscious about the topic. This types of contribution are called the practical implementation of leadership. For example, a p articular IT project can be allocated to a team of three employees for early presentation. In addition, the ability of individual can be recognized through team performance. In addition, performance management is one of the major section of organizational culture. On the other hand, reward strategy of leaders can enhance organizational performance. In other sense, I strongly suggest that with the help of incentives by meeting target can influence the confidence of employees and they will focus on their allocated IT projects. It likewise helps the employment plan issues. On the other hand, motivation is an effective strategy which already implemented by many leaders in the organization. In addition, with the help of motivational speech an employee can realize internal self-respect and concentrate on the IT projects(Parr Hunter, 2013). Besides that, improved employee performance on can be measured by effective leadership in the organization. In addition, IT projects always require sk illed and efficient employees for advanced and effective presentation. The impact of leaders on IT projects: In most of the organizations, leaders control the whole management and decision-making authority. Apart from that, there are many barriers occurred in the management which needs to be managed by an efficient leader. Apart from that, I researched that the coordination between employees can improve through team building, and the organization must prepare the employees about communication capability, so they don't confront issues with their enlistment. Talking about IT projects which include pattern, co-ordination between employee and technology. Sometimes, either staff or technology creates an unwanted situation that should be attempted by the leaders. A decent vital arrangement can be frantic at one and only individual in the company, and that is the leader. The leader of the organization can be its CEO, official manager and so on. The organizations who have top management frameworks makes a bigger strategy in it. The lower, and center managements , receive goals and arrangements to satisfy the general strategy regulated. The leaders of the organization must make comprehend to the employees about the occupation. As well as, the rate of faith on leaders can be increased by implementing the reward strategy. One of the essential variables behind the best possible stream of work is employee inspiration and employee communication(Lloyd, 2013). Future forecast: I strongly recommend to develop and present IT project, construct written and verbal approaches are playing a significant role in the organization. For that, an excellent communication aptitude is required. If the pioneer is from Germany and the specialist is from Spain, then there will be a communication issue. In this way, English is the fitting dialect for communication. It projects include script and voice presentation of employees which can be developed through active training session and practice. On the other hand, the organization must make courses of action so that the two can take in each other's dialect. I also consider the leaders settle on official conclusions however support thoughts, recommendation and in addition criticism from the employees. In this kind of organizational issues, participative leadership style is reasonable as this style underscores that the management recommendations direction to its specializations and additionally groups while tol erating exertion from individual employees(Schmidt, 2009). Management and leadership speak to two entirely different ideas of business, and it is regularly worried about the foundation of a reasonable vision. In any organization, leadership is a critical capacity organizations like IT project. It additionally assists in discussing the vision with alternate individuals from the organization. Subsequently, the contentions get determined between the distinctive people groups who are in charge of completing the goals and points of the business. Leadership can be a developmental strategy in organizations, and the leaders make the employees end up being a profitable employee of the organization. An organization can be said to be immaculate if the managers and the employees demonstrate a brilliant execution amid venture readiness. References BOOHAR, R. (2003). Training Future Ethical Leaders of Science.Bioscience,53(8), 692. https://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0692:tfelos]2.0.co;2 Brower, R. Balch, B. (2005).Transformational leadership decision making in schools. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Corwin Press. Giuliani, R. Kurson, K. (2002).Leadership. New York: Hyperion. Lloyd, G. (2013).Business leadership for IT projects. Farnham, Surrey: Gower Pub. Limited. Parr, A. Hunter, S. (2013). Enhancing work outcomes of employees with autism spectrum disorder through leadership: Leadership for employees with autism spectrum disorder.Autism,18(5), 545-554. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313483020 Schmidt, T. (2009).Strategic project management made simple. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons.

Sahir Kara Essay Example

Sahir Kara Essay To investigate how the shape and size of an organism affects the rate of temperature loss away from the organism.Background Knowledge:Most of the substances transported in the blood are carried dissolved in plasma. The main constituent of blood plasma is water (90% of blood plasma) (RESOURCE 1), from which heat can be lost by conduction, convection, radiation or evaporation.(RESOURCE 2)The limbs of a mammal or bird can easily be simulated using water-filled test tubes of differing sizes, to represent models of a real life situation. The main method of transferring heat energy in a fluid (e.g.: water) is by convection. As a generalisation, most mammals and birds live in habitats where their body temperature is above that of their surroundings. (RESOURCE 3) Therefore, heat energy is principally lost from the bodies of mammals and birds by convecting and radiating away. Any liquid that is warmer than its surroundings will expand, so its particles occupy a greater volume than before (as they vibrate with the heat energy supplied). This in turn means that there is a decrease in density of the liquid, and the warmer particles move upwards (convection) and away (radiation) from the organism, through the blood vessels and protective skin. (RESOURCE 2)Mammals and birds (which are all warm-blooded organisms) have the ability to regulate their body temperatures, keeping their bodies within a set optimum range. Therefore, any heat energy lost is replaced by expending energy from food taken in, to keep body temperatures constant (37degrees in humans). (RESOURCE 1)Prediction:I predict that the larger the surface area / volume ratio of a model, the greater the rate of heat loss away from the simulation will be. Therefore, the surface area / volume ratio of a model is directly proportional to the rate of heat loss away from the model.Prediction Reasoning:As the surface area / volume ratio of a model increases, more heat energy is, in reality, able to escape away from the test tube at one time. The surface area / volume ratio is effectively the amount of heat energy that is in contact with the external surroundings at one time (surface area) divided by the amount of heat energy that is actually inside the test tube to begin with. The greatest surface area / volume ratio can come about when the surface area is at its greatest, and the volume is at its smallest.Therefore, if a test tube with the highest surface area / volume ratio was used, it would take far less time to lose of temperature than a test tube with the smallest surface area / volume ratio. Therefore, the same amount of temperature would have been lost in a shorter space of time, and the rate of heat loss would be directly proportional to the surface area / volume ratio of model used. (RESOURCE 2)Prediction Graph:Key factors to vary: Variables:INPUTOUTCOMECONTROLLEDPossible:* Surface area / volume ratio of model used. (%)Values:To be confirmed in preliminary work.As the aim of the investigation is to find how the shape and size of an organism affects the rate of heat loss away from it, this is the only input variable that can be chosen.There are, inevitably, different experiments that could be carried out in this area of work. However, I have chosen to investigate this aim, and therefore the above reasoning for choosing this input variable is valid.Possible:* Rate of heat loss away from the model. (temp. / time)As with the input variable chosen, the outcome variable is also set. The rate of heat loss in this experiment can only be carried out by taking continuous measurements of temperature, and dividing by the time in which the change in temperature occurred.Possible:* Temperature of surroundings. (Degrees C)* Temperature of water at the beginning (Degrees C)* Movement and objects touching model.* Thermometer used.All of the above variables shall be controlled. Without these variables being controlled, the experiment would be unfair, and the results inaccurate because a certain variable that should be controlled could be varying affecting the results as they should not be.The temperature of the water at the beginning and end of the experiment must be kept controlled for all readings taken, as should the movement of the test tubes. The temperature of the surroundings must be controlled as well as possible, so that the readings of transfer of heat away from the test tube are as fair as possible.Preliminary work:Certain pieces of preliminary work have to be completed before the actual investigation can begin. This is to check that the things that I plan to do are possible, and to find out what control variables to use (values).For the preliminary work of this investigation, I need to find 6 test tubes that have surface area / volume ratios that are sufficiently well spread. I intend to find all of the different test tubes that are available, and find the surface area and volume of each. I will then work out the surface area / volume ratio of each, an d select 6 different test tubes that have sufficiently well spread surface area / volume ratios. This will help with the fairness of the investigation.To work out the surface area of a test tube, I will first find the diameter of the test tube, and halve it to find the radius. The radius will be squared, and multiplied by Pi(?). From this, I will be able to find the surface area of the top and bottom of the effective cylinder. To find the area of the remainder of the test tube, I will take the original diameter, and multiply it by Pi (?), to find the circumference. The circumference should then be multiplied by the length of the test tube (from the top of the test tube to the middle of the spherical bottom), to find the overall area of the rest of the test tube. (RESOURCE 4 PAGE 115) The actual overall surface area of a test tube is therefore =To work out the volume of a test tube, I will fill the test tube with water, and pour this water into a measuring cylinder of an appropriate capacity, as shown:The surface area / volume ratio of a test tube is therefore found by dividing the surface area by the volume.The second piece of preliminary work that I will complete will be to find an appropriate temperature from which each experiment for the actual investigation should begin. This temperature should be easy to obtain in every test tube (using a kettle or Bunsen burner), and should take an appropriate amount of time to reduce to the end temperature (i.e.: not too long), for test tubes that have even the smallest surface area / volume ratio.Also, I should find suitable intervals for taking results in the actual experiment, by finding how long it takes for the test tube with the largest surface area / volume ratio to lose heat (from 70à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C).Preliminary work RESULTS:Selected?Test tube #Length(cm)Diameter (cm)Volume (cm3)Surface Area (cm2)S.A / Vol. ratio114.82.355115.22.1 (1dp)21223081.72.7 (1dp)312.251.519.561.33.1 (1dp)4151.52174.23.5 (1dp)514.751.251560 .44.0 (1dp)67.2515.324.34.6 (1dp)78.751.510.644.84.2 (1dp)89.751.514.549.53.4 (1dp)9151.832.590.82.8 (1dp)I found that the controlled temperature from which every reading should begin should be 70à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, and that each measurements of temperature should be taken every 15 seconds.Apparatus list:The following apparatus will be required, to be used in the experiment:* Supply of heated water* Six different test tubes of sufficiently varying surface area / volume ratios.* Test tube rack* Stopwatch* ThermometerPlan:Firstly, all apparatus required will be organised and arranged in the area in which the experiment will take place. The six test tubes will be taken one at a time, starting with the test tube numbered 1, and finishing with test tube 6. Test tube 1 will be taken, a thermometer placed in it, and filled with boiling water taken directly from a kettle. The test tube will be placed in a test tube rack, and the stopwatch switched on when the temperature of the water reduces to 70à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C. Continuous measurements of temperature of the water will be taken every 15 seconds, until 150 seconds (10 measurements) have been completed. The test tube will be thoroughly cleaned and dried, and the procedure repeated twice more for test tube 1. The entire experiment will be repeated for test tubes 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, taking 3 results for each different test tube.Resources Used:RESOURCE 1:Text Book: Coordinated Science Biology by Jones ; JonesRESOURCE 2:Text Book: Physics Study Guide by Palfreyman ; MaunderRESOURCE 3:Information sheet: Temperature regulation in mammals and birdsRESOURCE 4:Text Book: Higher GCSE Mathematics by D.RaynerResults:Below shows the averages taken for temperature of the test tubes at the given time intervals:FOR RAW DATA TAKEN FROM THE EXPERIMENT, please see attached sheet 1.Graphical Results:Firstly, time (secs.) was plotted against temperature (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C), in order to get a basic graphical result of the temperature of each test tube a t every time interval. Then, in order to find how the shape and size (SA / Volume ratio) of a test tube affects the rate of temperature loss away from the test tube, a second graph was plotted (showing SA / Volume ratio against rate of heat loss). The rate of heat loss away from the model was found by drawing a tangent to the midpoint (75 seconds) of each line on the first graph. Then, the rate was calculated by dividing the change in temperature by the time taken for the change.FOR BOTH OF THE GRAPHS DRAWN, please see attached sheet 2.Conclusion:From the results shown above, and the graphs, I conclude that the initial prediction, that the larger the surface area / volume ratio of a model, the greater the rate of heat loss away from the simulation will be is correct. The predicted graphs are very similar to those produced from the actual experiment, and this shows that the prediction was very precise. From the graphs, it is clear that as the surface area / volume ratio of a model in creases, so too does the average rate of heat loss away from the model (the amount of heat that can be lost every second). This is because the graph produced was linear, proving that:Surface area / volume ratio average rate of heat lossThe graph is almost certainly a straight line, because there is no indication that it may be a curve of any form. Although this may be true for the range of surface area / volume ratios used, there is no evidence to suggest that the direct proportionality between the input and output variables will continue forever. One would think logically, that there must be a limit to the amount of heat that can be lost from a model / a real mammal or bird at one given time. Therefore, the rate of heat loss away from the test tube must come to a maximum at one point. This would suggest that however large the surface area, and however small the volume of any model or organism, the amount of heat that can be lost at any given time (the rate) has a limit.Evaluation:O verall, I believe that the results obtained were fairly inaccurate in the experiment conducted. This is because the problems brought about in such an experiment that would have led to inaccuracies of results were found to be vast:* Firstly, the temperature of the water measured at each point was relatively inaccurate. This was due to the fact that the temperature recorded was limited by the accuracy of the thermometer used (accurate to 1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C on the scale), and by the accuracy of the person conducting the experiment (in this case, myself). Furthermore, the temperature of the water in each test tube was not constant throughout, and any movement of the thermometer (or the whole test tube) would have shown an inaccurate measurement on the thermometer. Also, the accuracy of the recordings obtained was hindered by the fact that the thermometers were not digital, but were analogue, and prone to inaccuracies.* Furthermore, each test tube was held upright in a test tube rack. This w as in order to measure the temperature of the water at the specified time intervals, but would have caused inaccuracies with the amount of the test tube in contact with another object (affecting the heat loss away from the test tube). This was consistent throughout the experiment, however, except when larger test tube racks were used to support the bigger test tubes that could not fit into the same rack as the other test tubes.* Also, a thermometer was submerged in each test tube, to measure the temperature of the water. This may have brought about minor inaccuracies in the results, as the presence of the thermometer displaced water that would have been in the test tube without the thermometer being present. Again, this was consistent throughout the experiment, so it would not have affected the reliability of the experiment (if it were to be repeated).Furthermore, the procedure had a few problematic areas, mainly concerning the controlled variables:* The temperature of the situation was not kept constant throughout the experiment, and could not feasibly be kept constant. The temperature of the heated laboratory is unlikely to have changed drastically enough to affect the results on ONE occasion, but the experiment took approximately 2 hours to complete over 3 different sittings. Therefore, it may be possible that the temperature of the laboratory was different on these occasions, and the results would have been affected.* The thermometer used was again, different on each of these three sittings, and this fact may have affected the results, but to what extent is difficult to define. The type of thermometer used was the same on each occasion, but the actual one was different.* The movement of the thermometer / test tube proved also to be difficult to control. With 26 other people trying to conduct their experiments at the same time, movement of the bench would have inevitably occurred. However, it is unlikely that such movement would have affected the results d rastically.The line of best fit found on the second graph produced, indicates that some results were not as expected. This can be investigated by calculating the percentage discrepancy of the points that were not on the line of best fit, as follows:% Discrepancy = [(value plotted value on line) / value on line] x 100The percentage discrepancy of each point was found, from the line of best fit:Point(SA / VOLUME ratio)% Discrepancy from line of best fit1) 2.1= [(0.063 0.061)/0.061] x 100 = 3.8%2) 2.7= [(0.084 0.077)/0.077] x 100 = 9.1%3) 3.1= [(0.079 0.088)/0.088] x 100 = 10.2%4) 3.5= [(0.093 0.098)/0.098] x 100 = 5.1%5) 4.0= [(0.1 0.111)/0.111] x 100 = 10.0%6) 4.6= [(0.14 0.137)/0.137] x 100 = 2.2%This indicates that all of the results are within 10.2% agreement with the line of best fit, suggesting that the data obtained is relatively inaccurate. The discrepancies, as stated previously, could have come from the inaccuracies of human error, the inaccuracies of the thermometer, or the inaccuracies of the controlled variables problems.Although the readings have been found to be relatively inaccurate, I believe that the evidence collected was quite reliable. Obtaining 3 results for each SA / volume ratio of test tube made it possible to identify anomalous results, of which there seem to be 4 (highlighted grey on the above table). These anomalous results can be attributed to human error, movement of the test tube, and inaccuracies of the thermometers used. These anomalous results were averages of each of the 3 readings for every test tube, and were plotted on the first graph. The fact that the rates plotted on the second graph were up to 10.2% away from the line of best fit indicates that these anomalies may have contributed to the inaccuracies.Therefore, I believe that although inaccuracies found were vast, the evidence obtained is reliable enough to support a firm conclusion. This is because even though the results were inaccurate, the inaccuracies were co nsistent throughout, meaning that the overall outcome of the experiment was correct (although the actual readings may not have been).In order to improve the accuracy of the evidence further, the following changes could be made to the overall experiment:* Electronic temperature sensors, and precise data logging could have been used to measure the exact temperature at the given time intervals.* Electronic measuring devices could also have been used to measure the exact rate of heat loss away from the model in each case. This is instead of drawing a tangent to each line on the first graph (to find the rate), which is a relatively inaccurate method.* The experiment could have been completed in an isolated area (where the movements of others would not have affected the results).To extend the experiment with new lines of enquiry, I could investigate how the volume of used water in one test tube affects the heat loss away from the model. Furthermore, I could experiment with real organisms, to investigate how heat loss away from their bodies is affected by different factors (such as external temperature etc.).